AFP and cirrhosis of liver: On the one hand, the classical biomarkers for clinical diagnosis lead to some false-positive and false-negative results in HCC diagnosis, such as alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) was widely used in early detection of HCC, but it may also appear in varying degrees in liver diseases such as hepatitis and liver cirrhosis (LC); on the another hand, liver electronic computer tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) show unclear nodules <2 cm (4, 5).