For example, AGEs can upregulate RAGE expression, activate multiple signaling pathways, including JAK-STAT, MAPK/ERK, PI3K/Akt/mTOR, and NF-κB, and increase oxidative stress, inflammation, and renal fibrosis, causing structural and functional disorders in the kidney of patients with DM [33]. This evidence concerns the gene AKT1 and diabetes mellitus.