STAT3 and nonpapillary renal cell carcinoma: To determine the mechanism by which prolactin promotes ccRCC, we obtained phosphorylation and transcriptome databases of 110 renal cancer patients with CPTAC and found that PRL was positively correlated with p-STAT3 (p = 0.03, rho = 0.326) and p-JAK3 (p = 0.014, rho = 0.812).