ATF3 and lung cancer: For example, UBE2C, directly targeted by miR-548e-5p, increases cellular growth and invasive abilities of non–small cell lung cancer cells (Jin et al., 2019), CDK1 interacts with Sox2 and promotes tumor initiation in human melanoma (Ravindran Menon et al., 2018), and silencing CDCA8 suppresses hepatocellular carcinoma growth and stemness via restoration of the ATF3 tumor suppressor (Jeon et al., 2021).