This is characterized by a significant upregulation of both IκB protein genes Nfkbia (IκBα) and Nfkbib (IκBβ), the NF-κB subunit Nfkb1 in both male and female IUGR neonates, and the IκB kinase Chuk (IKKα) and the subunit Rela only in the IUGR male neonate. The gene discussed is NFKB1; the disease is fetal growth restriction.