CXCL1 and fetal growth restriction: These fundamental changes were followed by (2) attenuated acute transcriptional proinflammatory cytokine gene response in the IUGR liver after LPS exposure (Il1b and Tnf in both male and female IUGR newborns and Ccl3 and Cxcl1 only in the male IUGR), and finally (3), a significant reduction in hepatic TNF-α values in both the LPS-exposed IUGR male and female compared to their respective LPS-exposed NG newborns.