ALB and Abnormal renal physiology: The IR-associated renal dysfunction was evidenced in the HD rats by a significant (p < 0.05) reduction in eGFR (in ml/day ND-IR-0.35 ± 0.02, HD-IR-0.09 ± 0.04) (Figure 2B), together with a significant (p < 0.05) elevation of creatinine (in mg/dl ND-IR-2.20 ± 0.2, HD-IR- 3.9 ± 0.5) in the serum (Figure 2C) and urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (ND-IR-6.09 ± 0.85, HD-IR-13.43 ± 0.73) (Figure 2E), compared with the ND group.