TNF and cancer: It also inhibits tumor-infiltrating CD4+/CD8+ T cells (CD4+/CD8+ TILs) and leads to a decrease in cytokines including tumor necrosis factor (TNF), IFN-γ and Interleucina-2 (IL-2), so as to provide a way for cancer cells to escape the immunoreaction (Francisco et al., 2010; Daassi et al., 2020).