NFKB1 and acute respiratory distress syndrome: Nuclear factor (NF)-κB and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) are two classical signaling pathways involved in inflammation; activation of NF-κB and MAPK aggravates the secretion of inflammatory mediators and then expands the promoting effect of the inflammatory response on ALI (Zhong et al., 2013; Zhang et al., 2015).