While prion diseases were originally thought to involve a limited neuroimmune response (Belay, 1999; Geschwind, 2015), analysis of cytokines and chemokines in the scrapie inoculation-induced mouse model showed that protein levels of, among many others, IL-1Ra, CXCL10 (IP-10), and CCL5 (RANTES) were significantly increased as the disease progressed (Carroll et al., 2015). This evidence concerns the gene CCL5 and prion disease.