TARDBP and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: Briefly, trans-activation response element DNA-binding protein 43 (TDP-43) was discovered in 2006 as a disease protein in the most common form of FTLD and in almost all ALS cases (Arai et al., 2006; Neumann et al., 2006), now renamed as FTLD—TDP and ALS—TDP.