Although most previous and current research to dissect the pathomechanisms is focused on neurons, it has to be noted that oligodendrocytes are also strongly affected by TDP-43 and FUS pathology in ALS/FTLD (Figure 1; Neumann et al., 2007; Geser et al., 2008; Mackenzie and Neumann, 2017). This evidence concerns the gene TARDBP and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.