The presence of additional TDP-43 pathology in oligodendrocytes as glial cytoplasmic inclusions (GCIs) (Figure 1) was already described briefly after the initial discovery of TDP-43 as disease protein in FTLD—TDP (Neumann et al., 2007) and ALS—TDP (Mackenzie et al., 2007) but was only more recently studied in more detail. Here, TARDBP is linked to amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.