To assess whether p70S6K is differentially expressed in liver tissue with advanced stages of fibrosis or cirrhosis in comparison to tissue from healthy liver, immunohistochemical staining for p70S6K, along with immunohistochemical staining of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), an established marker of HSC activation, was performed and quantified in surgical liver tissue specimens from patients with and without liver cirrhosis who had undergone partial hepatectomy. The gene discussed is ACTA1; the disease is fibrosis.