OTOF and auditory neuropathy: OTOF-related ANSD is the most prevalent form of ANSD, and it is reported that 23–90.9% of pediatric cases of ANSD are caused by OTOF mutations (Rodríguez-Ballesteros et al. 2008; Matsunaga et al. 2012; Zhang et al. 2016; Kim et al. 2018).