TNF and rheumatoid arthritis: Among the deregulated pathways, the top 5 downregulated KEGG pathways were as follows: cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction (ko04060), IL-17 signaling pathway (ko04657), NOD-like receptor signaling pathway (ko04621), TNF signaling pathway (ko04668), and rheumatoid arthritis (ko05323) (Fig. 3d).