INS and obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency: Although, the mechanisms linking these cancers and diabetes are still speculative, some of the risk factors for the two disorders may include hyperglycaemia, which could result in the formation of advanced glycated end products (AGEs) and oxidative stress; hyperinsulinemia, which normally occurs as a result of insulin resistance (impaired insulin function) or insulin from exogenous sources; inflammatory process as well as obesity [10].