APC and colorectal carcinoma: Genetic and epigenetic alterations have both been found in CRC patients; changes in chromosomal copy number, aberrant gene methylation, and dysregulated gene expression, including tumor suppressor genes such as APC, BRAF, DCC, TP53, SMAD4, SMAD2, oncogenes such as KRAS and NRAS, and DNA repair genes including MLH1 and MSH6 [5, 6].