Typically, cell surface or intracellular proteins found in hyperactive pro-survival pathways are chosen as potential candidates for pharmacological targeting.1 One method of targeting these pathways is via the human leukocyte antigens (HLAs), as these molecules present protein fragments at the cell surface (normally 8–11 amino acid peptides) that represent the entire cellular proteome.2,3 Thus, peptide-HLA (pHLA) complexes presenting unique or dysregulated tumour proteins can be targeted using tumour-specific, or tumour-selective approaches. The gene discussed is HLA-S; the disease is neoplasm.