Under stress conditions, Hsp90 can be released to the extracellular milieu and activate both the innate and adaptive immune responses driving the generation of circulating anti-Hsp90 autoantibodies that are found to be elevated in several autoimmune diseases, e.g., diabetes type 1 (Qin et al. 2003), systemic lupus erythematous (Ripley et al. 2001), rheumatoid arthritis (Mantej et al. 2019), dermatitis herpetiformis (Kasperkiewicz et al. 2014), and coeliac disease (Tukaj et al. 2017b). The gene discussed is HSP90AA1; the disease is type 1 diabetes mellitus.