Relatively few human breast cancer cell lines or PDX models express a fully endocrine sensitive phenotype in that they are ER+ and/or PR+, sensitive to all endocrine therapies currently used as standard of care in the clinic, grow both in vitro and in vivo, and metastasize routinely and to the most clinically relevant sites when injected as standard mammary fat pad inoculations in the most widely used immune-compromised mouse strains. This evidence concerns the gene PGR and breast cancer.