ECE2 and Alzheimer disease: ECE2 mRNA and protein levels are elevated in the temporal neocortex in Alzheimer disease; further, this has been proved by in vitro studies on SH-SY5Y where treatment with oligomer amyloid β 1-42 for 24 hours increases ECE2 mRNA, and the ECE2 gene response is upregulated in response to amyloid β [76].