NMD inhibition using tumor–specific oligonucleotide aptamer–targeted delivery of siRNAs to NMD–associated molecules such as SMG1 and UPF2 results in the expression of de novo antigens encoded by the premature stopping codon–containing mRNAs and their immune–mediated tumor rejection in metastatic and subcutaneous tumor models (111). Here, UPF2 is linked to neoplasm.