UBA1 and chronic hepatitis B virus infection: In order to certify the effectiveness and accuracy of the three HBV-associated genes during hepatocarcinogenesis, another microarray GSE114783 was utilized to explore the expression variations from healthy individuals, HBV carriers, chronic hepatitis B, liver cirrhosis, finally to liver cancer, these results demonstrated that the three genes (TP53, CFL1, UBA1) were aberrantly expressed during HCC development.