TNF and hepatocellular carcinoma: Anti-cancer effects of sPD-1-CH50 included intensification of macrophages and cytotoxic T lymphocytes’ (CTLs) cytotoxic activity through inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), IFN-α with demonstration of in vivo restriction of hepatoma growth and invasiveness (166).