SPDL1 and renal cell carcinoma: Various cancers including NSCLC (129, 138, 205), RCC (127), DLBCL (128, 130), oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) (139), multiple myeloma (MM) (131), nasal NK/T cell lymphoma (NKTTL) (132), papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) (133), epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) (134), gastric cancer (135, 140, 206), HCC (136), and WM (193) have demonstrated significantly higher circulating levels of sPD-L1 in comparison to healthy individuals.