In depletion studies elimination of microglia through the inhibition of colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor (CSF1R) in 5xFAD mice, an AD mouse model that overexpresses amyloid-β (Aβ) and develops plaque pathology, there was impaired Aβ plaque formation, reduced inflammation, and neuronal loss (Spangenberg et al., 2016, 2019). This evidence concerns the gene CSF1R and Alzheimer disease.