PTH and diabetes mellitus: When 25(OH)D and PTH were assessed jointly (Fig. 3), women with either deficient 25(OH)D (<50 nmol/L) alone or excess PTH levels (>6.89 pmol/L) alone had higher prevalence of obesity, hypertension, or CKD, compared to those with non-deficient 25(OH)D (≥50 nmol/L) and normal PTH levels (≤6.89 pmol/L), regardless of diabetes status.