CRP and Abnormal renal physiology: A German population study of 7791 initially diabetes-free subjects aged 50–74 years reported a non-linear inverse relationship between 25(OH)D and risk of diabetes with a threshold of <40 nmol/L in women only after an 8-year follow-up, accounting for age, sex, season of blood draw, multi-vitamin supplement intake, frequent fish consumption, BMI, hemoglobin A1C, family history of diabetes, education, physical activity, smoking, hypertension, renal dysfunction, C-reactive protein, and fasting triglycerides [19].