LIF and cancer: In this study, we demonstrated the feasibility of using KAI1 as the anti-cancer therapeutic agent by KAI1-supplementation involving two components: (1) recombinant protein or peptide of KAI1 binds to and sequesters VEGF or PDGF, and (2) the supernatant of Kai1-O/E PCs containing anti-angiogenic LIF.