Moreover, Wei et al. demonstrated that heart failure rats exhibited increased ER stress and pro-inflammatory cytokine release in their subfornical organ and hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus, and that the application of inhibitors selective for p38 and JNK reduced brain ER stress and inflammation in the cardiovascular regulatory regions of the brain, thus resulting in decreased sympathetic excitation in heart failure rats [41, 42]. The gene discussed is MAPK8; the disease is heart failure.