Our TSP2 findings are particularly interesting in the context of CAVD sexual dimorphism, as TSP2 levels were over 2-fold higher in female aVICs compared to male aVICs, a trend that aligns with fibrosis being more prevalent in female valves compared to male valves (4). The gene discussed is THBS2; the disease is congenital bilateral aplasia of vas deferens from CFTR mutation.