While the effectiveness of cART in suppressing viremia has resulted in increased life spans of those infected with the virus, paradoxically however, long-term dependence on anti-retrovirals coupled with persistent low-level virus replication and presence of viral Tat protein in the CNS, leads to a neuroinflammatory milieu that underlies the development of HIV-associated Neurocognitive Disorders (HAND) (Guha et al., 2018; Hellmuth et al., 2018; Thangaraj et al., 2018). This evidence concerns the gene TAT and HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder.