The expression of GATA-3 is correlated with the mRNA expression of Smad-3, TGF-β receptors, and TGF-βs, and disruption of the transcriptional function of GATA-3 may enhance TGF-β signaling, and subsequently lead to malignant transformation of pancreatic cells, thus promoting PC development (157). The gene discussed is TGFB1; the disease is pachyonychia congenita.