S100A8/A9 inhibits the NF-κB and the phosphatidy-linositol-3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B(AKT) pathways in PC cells in a Smad4-dependent manner, which may be a way to alleviate the course of PC (130, 138). The gene discussed is IGKV1D-22; the disease is pachyonychia congenita.