CD4 and autoimmune disease: An increased proportion of CD4+ or CD8+ Tscms has also been observed in patients with autoimmune disease (Jimbo et al., 2019), such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) (Lee et al., 2018), type 1 diabetes (Vignali et al., 2018), aplastic anaemia (Hosokawa et al., 2016), immune thrombocytopenia (Cao et al., 2019) and rheumatoid arthritis (Cianciotti et al., 2020).