PARP1 and glioma: U251-MG brain cell line, orthotopic GL-261 gliomas, or rat brain-implanted C6 cells treated with suberoylanilide hydroxamic (histone deacetylase inhibitor, HDACi) and temozolomide (alkylating agent) in the presence of chloroquine 10–15 μM showed reduced cell viability, morphology changes, increase in the sub-G1 population, Bax, cleaved-caspase-3, and cleaved-PARP1 [poly-(ADP-ribose)-polymerase 1], externalization of phosphatidylserine, and activation of caspase-3/7 (Table 1).