Pathway analysis of genes downregulated by three or more (of the five) DMARDs showed enrichment for innate and adaptive immune processes known to play critical roles in RA pathophysiology (Figure 3C); transcriptional factor (TF) enrichment analysis showed concordant results, with over-representation of genes regulated by the NF-κB complex and STATs (Figure 3D). This evidence concerns the gene NFKB1 and rheumatoid arthritis.