MSI1 and obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency: We performed RT-qPCR of top-ranked 3 mRNAs including Snap25, Fat2, and Msi1. In addition, we also check the expression of Nhlh2, since it was reported as hypothalamic basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor and the deletion of Nhlh2 in mice displays adult-onset obesity (15) (Figure 6).