NLRP3 and Alzheimer disease: That is to say, in the process of AD, Aβ can activate MG to produce NLRP3 inflammasomes, thereby mediating the polarization of MG to the M1 phenotype, which manifests as neuroinflammation such as neuron loss, Aβ clearance disorder and memory loss; when the NLRP3 or caspase-1 in MG is specifically knocked out, MG is transformed into the M2 phenotype, which is manifested as the neuroprotective effect of increased Aβ clearance, spatial memory and tissue remodeling (Tobias et al., 2013).