Together, these findings suggest that in this model, the enhanced metabolic changes conferred by the Keap1 knockdown may have negligible contribution to the carcinogenesis process, a conclusion also supported by the fact that neither Keap1 knockdown nor disruption of Nrf2 affected colorectal adenoma formation in Gstp−/−: ApcMin/+ mice (Fig. 2). Here, NFE2L2 is linked to colorectal adenoma.