Notably, the effect of SBRT on the immune microenvironment of tumour lesions outside the radiation field and its relationship between the so-called “abscopal effect” can be examined, which is largely unknown, because tissue samples from the same tumor lesion outside the radiation field both before and after SBRT (but before initiation of Sintilimab and GM-CSF) are collected [48, 49]. The gene discussed is CSF2; the disease is neoplasm.