PROS1 and HIV infectious disease: This rate is much lower compared to the findings of Pontrelli et al.18 (protein S deficiency in 51% of HIV-infected children and adolescents), Bissuel et al.10 (protein S deficiency in 65.1% of patients with advanced HIV-1 disease) and Stahl et al.8 (protein S deficiency in 73% of men with long-term HIV infection).