After adjusting for confounding factors (age, income, smoking, drinking, exercise, body mass index, and reproductive factors including parity, breastfeeding, oral contraceptive use, age at menarche, age at menopause, and hormone replacement therapy), the adjusted HR of glaucoma was 1.061 (95% CI = 1.036–1.086), 1.151 (95% CI = 1.086–1.220), 1.449 (95% CI = 1.406–1.493), and 1.884 (95% CI = 1.777–1.999) in IFG, new onset diabetes, diabetes treated with oral hypoglycemic medication, and diabetes treated with insulin, respectively. This evidence concerns the gene INS and diabetes mellitus.