The results showed that TNF signaling, NOD-like receptor signaling, IL-17 signaling, T cell receptor signaling, and CD40 pathways were highly enriched in MG patients, indicating that Th17 cells and T helper type 40 (TH40) cells were expanded and exhibited greater antigenic stimulation of peripheral CD4+ T cells in patients with MG compared to HCs. Here, TNF is linked to myasthenia gravis.