IL10 and systemic lupus erythematosus: IL-10 is well known as an upregulator for B-cell growth and differentiation, proliferation, class-switching, and IgG production.23 IL-10 is reported to be highly expressed in lupus serum and positively correlated with disease activity and IgG production.24 In addition, IL-10 is identified as a pathogenic factor in many lupus mouse models.24,25 This evidence indicates that in SLE patients, IL-10 serves as a pathogenic role rather than an anti-inflammatory factor.