AFP and hepatocellular carcinoma: Elevated AFP levels have been reported to be associated with poor OS in HCC patients with PVTT [24], but there were not enough samples for further matching to balance all clinical factors, and AFP was not an independent predictor in univariate or multivariate analyses for OS in similar brachytherapy studies that included AFP ≤ 400 and > 400 into baseline characteristics in the last 5 years [21, 22, 25, 26].