Subsequently, at least 8 clinical studies have shown that inheritance of the adrenal-permissive HSD3B1 allele confers worse clinical outcomes in men with advanced prostate cancer treated with medical castration because it enables conversion from extragonadal (i.e., adrenal) precursor steroids to potent androgens, i.e., testosterone and/or dihydrotestosterone (10). The gene discussed is HSD3B1; the disease is prostate carcinoma.