HSD3B1 and prostate cancer: Subsequently, at least 8 clinical studies have shown that inheritance of the adrenal-permissive HSD3B1 allele confers worse clinical outcomes in men with advanced prostate cancer treated with medical castration because it enables conversion from extragonadal (i.e., adrenal) precursor steroids to potent androgens, i.e., testosterone and/or dihydrotestosterone (10).