HK1 and infection: To identify the changes in glucose metabolism after H1N1 infection, we conducted a screen of key glycolytic enzymes in mock infected and H1N1 (A/PR/8/34) infected human lung epithelial (A549) cells, and we found that hexokinase 2 (HK2) was significantly upregulated after H1N1 infection at 16 h and 24 h post-infection (p.i.)(Fig. 1A).