TNF and obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency: In high-fat diet and streptozotocin-nicotinamide-induced type 2 diabetic mice which exhibit impaired insulin secretion, insulin resistance, hyperlipidemia, hepatic steatosis, and obesity, ipragliflozin reduced plasma and liver levels of oxidative stress biomarkers and inflammatory markers (interleukin 6, tumor necrosis factor α, monocyte chemotactic protein-1, and CRP) [23].