Although these studies are small sized and mostly lack pathological correlation, there is some rationale to explain this link: similarity between tumor antigens and self-antigens leading to cross-reactivity of T cells that are reactivated by the ICI [34], pre-existing autoimmunity with reactivation of T cells primarily directed at self-antigens [35] or B-cell reactivation through PD-1 blockade [36]. Here, PDCD1 is linked to neoplasm.