Moreover, AML cells MOLM-13 and U937 with RNF5-KD showed reduced colony formation in soft agar relative to controls (Fig. 2d) and increased abundance of proteins associated with apoptosis, as reflected by levels of cleaved forms of caspase-3 (Fig. 2e) and poly ADP ribose polymerase (PARP) (Supplementary Fig. 2d). Here, RNF5 is linked to acute myeloid leukemia.