As such, Epo supports the formation of vessel networks, protects against myocardial infarction and ischemic brain injuries, and promotes neural cell proliferation and viability, and it improves energy homeostasis via effects on skeletal muscle cells, hepatocytes, and adipocytes.7–11 Another tissue that is heavily influenced by Epo is the skeleton, particularly bone tissue.12–18 However, how Epo influences bone mass and whether direct and/or indirect actions on bone cells are involved are matters of ongoing debate. Here, EPO is linked to brain injury.