PGK1 and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma: To further elucidate the underlying mechanisms of glucose and lactate alterations mediated by SLC2A1-AS1, GSE111011 was used to investigate the expressions of glycolysis-related proteins in 7 cases of ESCC tissues and paired normal tissues, we found that Glut1, HK2, PFKM, ALDOA, PKM, GPI, LDHA and PGK1 displayed high expression in ESCC tissues, compared to normal tissues (Fig. 4J), which was also confirmed in ESCC samples, EAC samples and normal samples from TCGA database (Supplementary Fig. 5) as well as in 60 cases of ESCC samples and paired normal samples (Supplementary Fig. 6).