TNF and pancreatic neoplasm: Next, we co-cultured TNFSF9 knockdown pancreatic cancer cells supplemented with Wnt agonist with macrophages, and found that the mRNA levels of M1 macrophage markers (IL-1β, IL-8 and TNF-α) were significantly decreased (P < 0.05) (Figure 6C), and M2 markers (IL-4, IL-10 and TGF-β) were significantly increased (P < 0.05) (Figure 6D).