These confounding factors include age, sex, and certain co-morbidities (such as diabetes, hypertension or dyslipidaemia) and co-medications often used during clinical procedures (platelet P2Y12 inhibitors, heparin, morphine, sedatives, anaesthetics) and more chronic care (such as anti-diabetic medications, statins and nitrates) are likely to reduce cardioprotective efficacy by impacting on intrinsic cardioprotective signalling pathways [9]. Here, P2RY12 is linked to diabetes mellitus.